diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/notification/service/impl/NotificationTemplateServiceImpl.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/notification/service/impl/NotificationTemplateServiceImpl.java
index a104f401..367e5586 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/notification/service/impl/NotificationTemplateServiceImpl.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/notification/service/impl/NotificationTemplateServiceImpl.java
@@ -113,12 +113,38 @@ public class NotificationTemplateServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<Notificatio
             StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
             template.process(params, writer);
             return writer.toString();
+        } catch (freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException e) {
+            // 提取缺失的变量名
+            String errorMessage = e.getMessage();
+            String missingVariable = extractMissingVariable(errorMessage);
+            String friendlyMessage = String.format("缺少必需的参数 '%s'，请检查传入的参数是否完整", missingVariable);
+            log.error("模板渲染失败: {}", friendlyMessage, e);
+            throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE_RENDER_ERROR, new Object[]{friendlyMessage});
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("模板渲染失败: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
-            throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE_RENDER_ERROR);
+            String friendlyMessage = "模板渲染失败：" + e.getMessage();
+            log.error("模板渲染失败: {}", friendlyMessage, e);
+            throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.NOTIFICATION_TEMPLATE_RENDER_ERROR, new Object[]{friendlyMessage});
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 从FreeMarker错误信息中提取缺失的变量名
+     */
+    private String extractMissingVariable(String errorMessage) {
+        // 错误信息格式: "The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> variableName [in template ...]"
+        if (errorMessage != null && errorMessage.contains("==> ")) {
+            int start = errorMessage.indexOf("==> ") + 4;
+            int end = errorMessage.indexOf(" ", start);
+            if (end == -1) {
+                end = errorMessage.indexOf("[", start);
+            }
+            if (end > start) {
+                return errorMessage.substring(start, end).trim();
+            }
+        }
+        return "未知参数";
+    }
+
     @Override
     @Transactional
     public void enable(Long id) {
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/messages.properties b/backend/src/main/resources/messages.properties
index 0f49715a..32503c72 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/resources/messages.properties
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/messages.properties
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ deploy.record.not.found=部署记录不存在
 notification.template.not.found=通知模板不存在或已删除
 notification.template.code.exists=模板编码{0}已存在
 notification.template.disabled=通知模板已禁用
-notification.template.render.error=模板渲染失败
+notification.template.render.error=模板渲染失败：{0}
 
 # 通知渠道相关 (3120-3139)
 notification.channel.not.found=通知渠道不存在或已删除
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/messages_en_US.properties b/backend/src/main/resources/messages_en_US.properties
index c6e6ea12..03a6c0d4 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/resources/messages_en_US.properties
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/messages_en_US.properties
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ deploy.record.not.found=Deployment record not found
 notification.template.not.found=Notification template not found or has been deleted
 notification.template.code.exists=Template code {0} already exists
 notification.template.disabled=Notification template is disabled
-notification.template.render.error=Template rendering failed
+notification.template.render.error=Template rendering failed: {0}
 
 # Notification Channel Related (3120-3139)
 notification.channel.not.found=Notification channel not found or has been deleted
diff --git a/backend/src/main/resources/messages_zh_CN.properties b/backend/src/main/resources/messages_zh_CN.properties
index 555459d4..44050ad1 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/resources/messages_zh_CN.properties
+++ b/backend/src/main/resources/messages_zh_CN.properties
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ deploy.record.not.found=部署记录不存在
 notification.template.not.found=通知模板不存在或已删除
 notification.template.code.exists=模板编码{0}已存在
 notification.template.disabled=通知模板已禁用
-notification.template.render.error=模板渲染失败
+notification.template.render.error=模板渲染失败：{0}
 
 # 通知渠道相关 (3120-3139)
 notification.channel.not.found=通知渠道不存在或已删除