diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/entity/WorkflowVariable.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/entity/WorkflowVariable.java
index b86a08dc..e32ac16a 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/entity/WorkflowVariable.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/entity/WorkflowVariable.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.entity;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.framework.annotation.LogicDelete;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.framework.domain.Entity;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.enums.VariableScopeEnum;
+import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.enums.VariableTypeEnum;
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
@@ -39,8 +40,9 @@ public class WorkflowVariable extends Entity<Long> {
     /**
      * 变量类型
      */
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
     @Column(nullable = false)
-    private String type;
+    private VariableTypeEnum type;
 
     /**
      * 变量作用域
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/enums/VariableTypeEnum.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/enums/VariableTypeEnum.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7348ddf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/enums/VariableTypeEnum.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.enums;
+
+/**
+ * 变量类型枚举
+ */
+public enum VariableTypeEnum {
+    STRING("字符串"),
+    NUMBER("数字"),
+    BOOLEAN("布尔值"),
+    OBJECT("对象"),
+    ARRAY("数组");
+
+    private final String description;
+
+    VariableTypeEnum(String description) {
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/service/impl/WorkflowVariableServiceImpl.java b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/service/impl/WorkflowVariableServiceImpl.java
index f08daf40..0c5b9098 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/service/impl/WorkflowVariableServiceImpl.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/com/qqchen/deploy/backend/workflow/service/impl/WorkflowVariableServiceImpl.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.dto.WorkflowVariableDTO;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.entity.WorkflowInstance;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.entity.WorkflowVariable;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.enums.VariableScopeEnum;
+import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.enums.VariableTypeEnum;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.repository.IWorkflowVariableRepository;
 import com.qqchen.deploy.backend.workflow.service.IWorkflowVariableService;
 import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
@@ -47,6 +48,24 @@ public class WorkflowVariableServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<WorkflowVariabl
                 variable.setWorkflowInstance(instance);
                 variable.setName(key);
                 variable.setValue(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(value));
+                
+                // 推断变量类型
+                if (value == null) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.STRING); // 默认为字符串类型
+                } else if (value instanceof String) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.STRING);
+                } else if (value instanceof Number) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.NUMBER);
+                } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.BOOLEAN);
+                } else if (value instanceof Map || value.getClass().isRecord()) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.OBJECT);
+                } else if (value instanceof Iterable || value.getClass().isArray()) {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.ARRAY);
+                } else {
+                    variable.setType(VariableTypeEnum.OBJECT);
+                }
+
                 variableRepository.save(variable);
             } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                 throw new BusinessException(ResponseCode.WORKFLOW_VARIABLE_SERIALIZE_ERROR);